|
Биография D.H. Lawrence
D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930), scriitor, critic, poet si pictor englez, a fost una dintre cele mai proeminente figuri ale literaturii engleze a secolului XX. “Snake” si “ How Beastly the Bourgeoisie is” sunt probabil cele mai popularizate poezii.
David Herbert Lawrence s-a nascut pe 11 septembrie 1885 in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, in centrul Angliei. Era al patrulea copil al unui miner sarac si alcoolic. Mama lui D.H. Lawrence era o fosta invatatoare, cu o educatie mult superioara celei a sotului sau. Copilaria lui Lawrence a fost dominata de saracie si de neintelegerile dintre parintii sai. Primește o bursă la Nottingham High School și lucrează ca funcționar într-o fabrică de instrumente chirurgicale. După terminarea studiilor la Nottingham University, devine profesor la vârsta de 22 de ani. Mama lui Lawrence a murit in 1910, el ajutand-o sa moara cu o supradoza de somnifer.
In 1909 un numar de poezii ale lui D.H. Lawrence au fost publicate de catre Ford Max Ford in “English Review”. Aparitia primului sau roman, “Paunul alb” (1911) a reprezentat lansarea lui Lawrence in cariera de scriitor. In 1912 a intalnit-o pe Frieda von Richthofen, sotia profesorului Ernest Weekly, de care s-a indragostit. Frieda si-a parasit sotul si pe cei trei copii ai sai si s-a stabilit impreuna cu Lawrence in Bavaria. Urmatorul roman al lui Lawrence, “Fii si amanti”, aparut in 1913, se bazeaza pe copilaria sa. In 1914 s-a casatorit cu Frieda von Richthofen si au calatorit in diferite tari. Cel de-al patrulea roman, “Curcubeul” (1915), trateaza viata a doua surori crescute in nordul Angliei. Lawrence a inceput sa scrie “Fata pierduta” in Italia. A abandonat acest roman pentru cativa ani pentru ca in 1920 sa rescrie povestea la o veche ferma sciliana langa Taormina.
In timpul primului razboi mondial Lawrence si sotia sa se gaseau in imposibilitatea de a obtine pasapoarte si erau tinta a unei constante hartuieli din partea autoritatilor. Au fost acuzati ca spioni germani si au fost scosi din Cornwall in 1917. Familiei Lawrence nu i s-a permis emigrarea pana in 1919, cand au inceput anii de calatorii.
Cea mai cunoscuta lucrare a lui Lawrence este “Amantul Doamnei Chatterly”, publicata pentru prima oara in Florenta 1928. Acesta prezinta povestea de dragoste dintre o femeie bogata, casatorita, si un barbat care lucreaza pentru sotul sau. Cartea a fost interzisa pentru o perioada atat in UK cat si in USA fiind considerata pornografica. Printre celelalte romane ale lui Lawrence se numara “Femei indragostite” (1920), care este o continuare a romanului “Curcubeul”.
In “Aaron’s Rod” (1922) se observa influenta lui Nietzsche iar in “Kangaroo” (1923) este expusa ideea proprie de superman. “The Plumed Serpent (1926) reprezinta o evocare vie a Mexicului si a vechii sale religii aztece. “The Man who Died” (Barbatul care a murit) (1929) este o poveste indrazneata despre invierea lui Hristos. Opera sa de “non-fictiune” include Movements In European History(1921), Psychoanalysis And The Unconscious (1922) and Studies In Classic American Literature (1923).
D. H. Lawrence a murit la Vence, în Franța, pe data de 2 martie 1930. Postum, a fost apreciat și pentru picturile sale expresioniste, create în perioada anilor ’20.
***
D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930), English novelist, storywriter, critic, poet and painter, one of the greatest figures in 20th-century English literature. "Snake" and "How Beastly the Bourgeoisie is" are probably his most anthologized poems.
David Herbert Lawrence was born on September 11, 1885, in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, central England. He was the fourth child of a struggling coal miner who was a heavy drinker. His mother was a former schoolteacher, greatly superior in education to her husband. Lawrence's childhood was dominated by poverty and friction between his parents. He was educated at Nottingham High School, to which he had won a scholarship. He worked as a clerk in a surgical appliance factory and then for four years as a pupil-teacher. After studies at Nottingham University, Lawrence matriculated at 22 and briefly pursued a teaching career. Lawrence's mother died in 1910; he helped her die by giving her an overdose of sleeping medicine.
In 1909, a number of Lawrence's poems were published by Ford Max Ford in the English Review. The appearance of his first novel, The White Peacock(1911), launched Lawrence into a writing career. In 1912 he met Frieda von Richthofen, the professor Ernest Weekly's wife and fell in love with her. Frieda left her husband and three children, and they eloped to Bavaria. Lawrence's novel Sons and Lovers appeared in 1913 and was based on his childhood . In 1914 Lawrence married Frieda von Richthofen, and traveled with her in several countries. Lawrence's fourth novel, The Rainbow (1915), was about two sisters growing up in the north of England. Lawrence started to write The Lost Girl in Italy. He dropped the novel for some years and rewrote the story in an old Sicilian farmhouse near Taormina in 1920.
During the First World War Lawrence and his wife were unable to obtain passports and were targets of constant harassment from the authorities. They were accused of spying for the Germans and officially expelled from Cornwall in 1917. The Lawrences were not permitted to emigrate until 1919, when their years of wandering began.
Lawrence's best known work is Lady Chatterly's Lover, first published privately in Florence in 1928. It tells of the love affair between a wealthy, married woman, and a man who works on her husband's estate. The book was banned for a time in both UK and the US as pornographic. Lawrence's other novels from the 1920s include Women In Love (1920), a sequel to The Rainbow.
Aaron's Rod (1922) shows the influence of Nietzsche, and in Kangaroo (1923) Lawrence expressed his own idea of a 'superman'. The Plumed Serpent (1926) was a vivid evocation of Mexico and its ancient Aztec religion. The Man Who Died (1929), is a bold story of Christ's Resurrection. Lawrence's non-fiction works include Movements In European History(1921), Psychoanalysis And The Unconscious (1922) and Studies In Classic American Literature (1923).
D.H. Lawrence died in Vence, France on March 2, 1930. He also gained posthumous renown for his expressionistic paintings completed in the 1920s.
|
Лучшие Тексты
